If you own or operate a heavy truck, chances are you’ve heard people talk about “2290s.” It sounds technical, but the idea behind it is actually very simple. Here, we’ll explain Form 2290, the Heavy Vehicle Use Tax (HVUT), and why every OTR trucking company needs to understand it—using plain language and trucking-friendly examples.

What Is a 2290?

A 2290 refers to IRS Form 2290, which is used to pay the Heavy Vehicle Use Tax (HVUT).

In simple terms:

Form 2290 is an annual road-use tax you pay to the federal government for operating heavy trucks on public highways.

The tax is collected by the Internal Revenue Service and helps fund:

• Highway maintenance
• Road repairs
• Infrastructure used by commercial vehicles
  
  

Who Has to File a 2290?

You must file a 2290 if:

• You own (or register) a truck in your company’s name and
• The truck has a taxable gross weight of 55,000 pounds or more
  
  

This applies to:

• Owner-operators
• Small fleets
• OTR carriers
• New authorities
  
  

If the truck is registered to your business, you are responsible, even if someone else drives it.

How Often Do You File Form 2290?

Once per year, per truck.

The 2290 tax year runs:

• July 1 through June 30
  
  

Most carriers file:

• In July or August, or
• The month the truck first hits the road (if purchased mid-year)
  
  

How Much Is the 2290 Tax?

The amount depends on the truck’s gross weight.

• Starts at $100 per year
• Maxes out at $550 per year for the heaviest trucks
  
  

Heavier trucks = higher tax
Lighter (but still taxable) trucks = lower tax

What Is a “Stamped Schedule 1”?

After you file Form 2290 and pay the tax, the IRS gives you a stamped Schedule 1.

This document is extremely important because it:

• Proves the tax was paid
• Is required to register or renew your truck tags
• Is often requested during audits or compliance checks
  
  

No stamped Schedule 1 = no plates.

What If I Buy a Truck Mid-Year?

Good news—you don’t pay a full year.

If you put a truck on the road after July:

• You only pay for the months remaining in the tax year
• This is called a partial-year (prorated) 2290
  
  

The IRS calculates the correct amount automatically when you file.

Common 2290 Mistakes Truckers Make

These mistakes cause delays, penalties, and headaches:

• Forgetting to file entirely
• Filing under the wrong EIN
• Using the wrong gross weight
• Losing the stamped Schedule 1
• Assuming a fuel card or dispatcher “handles it”
  
  

Fuel programs do not file your 2290 for you.

Why 2290s Matter for OTR Trucking Companies

2290 compliance directly affects your ability to operate.

If your 2290 isn’t filed:

• You can’t renew your plates
• You risk fines and penalties
• You may trigger audits or registration delays
• Your truck can be put out of service
  
  

It’s a small filing—but a big compliance requirement.

2290 vs IFTA (Quick Clarification)

Truckers often confuse these two:

• 2290:
  Federal annual road-use tax based on truck weight
  
  
• IFTA:
  Quarterly fuel tax reporting based on miles driven
  
  

Different forms. Different agencies. Both required.

Final Thoughts

Form 2290 isn’t complicated—but ignoring it is expensive.

If you operate heavy trucks, filing your 2290:

• Keeps your registration active
• Keeps you compliant with federal law
• Protects your authority and business
  
  

Think of it as your yearly “permission slip” to run heavy on U.S. highways.